tillering in rice

In dense stands, the duration of the tillering phase, and in turn, the maturity period for panicles, is reduced. In this review, we describe the genes and hormones that control tillering in two key cereal crops, rice and barley. Different cultivation practices impact on tiller growth and development. Tillering is an important agronomic trait for rice population quality and grain production. The present study demonstrated that the number and contributions of late emerging tillers to rice grain yields were improved with increased N levels. Tillering in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait for grain production, and also a model system for the study of branching in monocotyledonous plants. n. One that tills land: a tiller of soil. osti.gov journal article: radiation-induced mutant having less tillering in rice. Rice tiller is a specialized grain-bearing branch that is formed on the unelongated basal internode and grows independently of the mother stem (culm) by means of its own adventitious roots. Improvements in rice tillering and growth have previously been noted with the combination of manure and fertilizer. The tillering ability of rice plants is seen in the number of phyllochrons of growth that they complete before entering their reproductive stage (Nemoto et al., 1995; Stoop et al., 2002). Tillering marks the end of the seedling stage. Tiller development is characterized by three stages, including (i) AXM initiation, (ii) bud development, and (iii) outgrowth of the axillary bud into a tiller. Tillers emerging in this way from nodes in the main culm are called primary tillers. Tillering in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait for grain production, and also a model system for the study of branching in monocotyledonous plants. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops in the world, and rice tillering and panicle branching are important traits determining grain yield. However, the number of spikelets per panicle and grain filling of late emerging tillers were significantly lower than that of the main stem or early emerging tillers at all N levels. Rice tiller number (TN) is one of the most important components associated with rice grain yield. Keywords: rice, submergence stress, exogenous spermidine, tillering stage, physiological characteristics Citation: Liu M, Chu M, Ding Y, Wang S, Liu Z, Tang S, Ding C and Li G (2015) Exogenous spermidine alleviates oxidative damage and reduce yield loss in rice submerged at tillering stage. However, there were no conspicuous differences in plant height between the wild‐type and TaD27‐RNAi wheat plants (Figure 3g). Tiller induction occurred with multiple commercial PL sources from It is the period of rapid leaf and tiller growth. You are currently not signed in. The length of the mesocotyl varies with cultivars. Some tillers die before flowering because of shading by other tillers or weeds; the surviving tillers will produce a panicle. Cumulatively, the inappropriate light distribution in PSII and the premature aging of flag leaves led to insufficient resources for late emerging tillers. Tillers can also arise from upper nodes, but such tillers are produced late and are less productive (Li et al., 2003; Ishikawa et al., 2005). Tillering in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait for grain production, and also a model system for the study of branching in monocotyledonous plants. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Maturity phase covers the period from flowering to complete maturity. Tillering marks the end of the seedling stage. This enables them to produce multiple stems (tillers) starting from the initial single seedling. Around one hundred rice TN genes have been identified, but dissecting the genetic architecture of rice TN variations remains difficult because of its complex trait and control by both major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In direct-seeded rice fields with a normal plant population (10 to 20 plants per square foot), rice … The rice tiller is a specialized grain-bearing branch that normally arises from the axil of each leaf and grows independently of the mother stem (culm) with its own adventitious roots. It starts when the fourth true leaf is fully emerged. However, the emerging leaf should not be counted. Due to the agro-nomic importance of tillering in rice breeding, many rice tillering mutants have been reported. We discovered that rac-GR24 stimulated T20 expression and enhanced all-trans-β-carotene biosynthesis. As rice enters the 3- to 4-leaf stage, tiller (or stool) formation typically begins, initiating the tillering stages. However, the molecular mechanism associated with the regulation of tillering based on N supply is poorly understood. This period lasts from about 18 days after sowing to about 45 days after sowing. For rice plants to be more productive, they need to have: • More tillers per plant, • More fertile tillers (panicles) which form from the tillers that a plant puts out, • More grains per fertile tiller, and • Larger grains. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. The rice MOC1 gene, a putative GRAS family member, was found to control the Tillering is a key component of yield for major cere - als such as wheat, rice, barley, and rye (Secale cereale L.) (Sakamoto and Matsuoka, 2004; Sreenivasulu and Schnurbusch, 2012). However, if stands are too dense, one runs the risk of disease and lodging. At this point, the main culm may be difficult to distinguish from the tiller. High tillering capacity is a beneficial trait for grain production of rice, since the number of tillers per plant is closely related to the number of panicles per plant [58,59]. Reproductive phase covers the period from panicle initiation to flowering, and 3. MaximumTillering – Tillering increases in a sigmoidal-shaped curve until the maximum tiller number is reached. In particular, rice overexpressing these GA2oxs exhibited early and increased tillering and adventitious root growth. Published by the Molecular Plant Shanghai Editorial Office in association with Cell Press, an imprint of Elsevier Inc., on behalf of CSPB and IPPE, CAS. The critical time at active tillering for N application is typically about midway between 14 days after transplanting (DAT) or 21 days after sowing (DAS) and panicle initiation. aerobic rice - north china - water productivity - exploring options - modeling approach - less water - performance - emergence: Abstract: Water shortage in the Huai River Basin prompts farmers to adopt water-saving technologies such as direct-seeded nonflooded or aerobic rice. 2002) each significantly increased tillering in rice when added with fertilizer. The vegetative phase: During the vegetative phase, the plant goes through the following stages of development: germination–emergence, seedling growth, tillering and inter-node elongation (according t… The roots begin to extract nutrients from the soil. The genes controlling tillering in rice encode proteins involved in phytohormone-associated regulatory mechanisms. The phytohormone auxin regulates a wide variety of developmental processes of plant growth. Abstract. A critical step during rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation is dense planting: a wider tiller angle will increase leaf shade and decrease photosynthesis efficiency, whereas a narrower tiller angle makes for more efficient plant architecture.The molecular basis of tiller angle remains unknown. Each tiller has the potential to produce a panicle; however, not all do. Rice tiller is a specialized grain-bearing branch that is formed on the unelongated basal internode and grows independently of the mother stem (culm) by means of its own adventitious roots. All of California varieties, however, have more than ad- The vegetative phase is characterized by the development of tillers and more leaves, and a gradual increase in plant height. In addition, we discuss how the development of new genomics tools and approaches, coupled with the synteny between the rice and barley genomes, are accelerating the isolation of barley genes underlying tillering phenotypes. Tillering potential and optimum tillering of rice Rice is cultivated mostly by seeds conventionally. tillering synonyms, tillering pronunciation, tillering translation, English dictionary definition of tillering. Tillering and Panicle Initiation: Tales of Ryza -- The ABCs of proper nutrition for rice plants - Duration: 9:39. International Rice Research Institute 91,681 views 9:39 Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. The t20 mutant has reduced SL and ABA, raising the question of how SL and ABA biosynthesis is coordinated, and whether they have overlapping functions in tillering. n. A rice tiller is a specialized grain-bearing branch that contributes greatly to grain yield. A tiller and its root start growing when the leaf from the third node above is emerging. Tillering is an important trait of cereal crops that optimizes plant architecture for maximum yield. PL (Eneji et al. Relationship between tillering and leaf area index: quantifying critical leaf area index for tillering in rice - Volume 138 Issue 3 - X. ZHONG, S. PENG, J. E. SHEEHY, R. M. VISPERAS, H. LIU It starts when the fourth true leaf is fully emerged. 5. When a leaf has fully exerted, another is usually emerging. However, both in vivo and in vitro clonal propagation of rice can be used as an effective tool for large scale production of uniform planting materials and such Seedling stages occur during the first two to five weeks after planting. Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. Rice tiller is a specialized grain-bearing branch that is formed on the unelongated basal internode and grows independently of the mother stem (culm) by means of its own adventitious roots. Rice tillers are specialized branches arising from axillary buds, usually at basal nodes of the primary stem (culm) and each bears a panicle… Additionally, we highlight the emergence of new genom- On the other hand, ABA treatment significantly repressed SL biosynthesis and the ABA biosynthetic mutants displayed elevated SL biosynthesis. In rice, d27 mutant plants showed an increased tillering and severe dwarf phenotype at the mature stage (Lin et al., 2009). At this stage, the nodes are all “compressed” close to the ground—the length between nodes (internode length) is less than 0.04 inches. The results showed that, spraying Spd on rice leaves at a concentration of 0.5 mM promoted the growth recovery of rice after drainage, such as green leaves, tillers, and aboveground dry mass. 1995, Leyser 2001, Paquette and Benfey 2001, Reinhardt et al. However, the whole SL signaling pathway from the receptor to downstream transcription factors to finally inhibit tillering remains unrevealed. Tillers appear as secondary shoots to the main shoot. Tillering is a major determinant of rice plant architecture and grain yield. Sacramento Valley Pest Management CE Webinar: December 9, SUPPRESS® Herbicide for use in Rice Weed Control, UCCE Sutter-Yuba-Colusa Continuing Education Series, Weed seed collection for herbicide resistance testing. Nutrients are transferred to the leaves by (xylem) tubes. rice tillering process involves two developmental stages: the formation of axillary meristems in the leaf axils and their subsequent outgrowth (Hanada, 1993). Temperate Japonica (TEJ) rice belongs to the northern ecotype in China, and subtropical indica (IND) rice belongs to the southern ecotype. Under low plant densities, more tillers are produced. Rice tillering is an important agronomic trait for grain yield, but the mechanism underlying this process remains mostly unclear. Plants in dense stands produce fewer tillers than plants in thin stands (Fig. Anonymous users messages may be delayed. When soil moisture is low, grasses tend to develop more sparse and deep root systems (as opposed to dense, lateral systems). Rice tillering has an important influence on grain yield, and is promoted by nitrogen (N) fertilizer. This study characterized a rice mutant, the most obvious phenotypes of which are high t illering, reduced h eight, and i nfertile s pikelets (named this1). Late maturing varieties have longer periods of tillering than early maturing varieties. In addition, we discuss how the development of new genomics tools and approaches, coupled with the synteny between the rice and barley genomes, are accelerating the isolation of barley genes underlying tillering phenotypes. Rice tillering, a key architecture trait determining grain yield, is highly regulated by a class of newly identi-fied phytohormones, strigolactones (SLs). This includes changes in growth direction, in shoot and root branching, and in vascular differentiation (Laskowski et al. Tiller induction by PL occurred in a num-ber of rice cultivars which included high- and low-tillering varieties. These emerge all through the vegetative growth phase, but stop when plants reach panicle initiation (the starting point of the reproductive phase). trol tiller production will help us to breed new elite rice varieties to meet the continuing challenge of food production (Qian et al., 2016). Both nitrogen accumulation and tillering capacity were significantly influenced when the TD was varied from 5 seeds square-1to 125 seeds square-1. When the 5th leaf emerges, the 2nd node's tiller and root start growing, and so on. In grasses like rice (Oryza sativaL.) The internodes vary in length depending on variety and environmental conditions, but generally increase from the lower to upper part of the stem. Rice plants require N during the tillering stage to ensure a sufficient number of panicles. Rice tiller is a specialized grain-bearing branch that is formed on the unelongated basal internode and grows independently of the mother stem (culm) by means of its own adventitious roots. ), vegetative AXMs form in the leaf axil of lower leaves of the plant and produce tillers (branches). In a recent study published in AoB PLANTS, Wang et al. If you have an account, then sign in now! 2000). These varieties induced only low S. hermonthica germination, attachment, emergence and dry biomass. Intensified tillering, within certain limits, increases the harvest. tiller number, but the combination of P1. In contrast, rice cultivars such as Super Basmati, TN 1, Anakila and Agee displayed high tillering in combination with low production of the aforementioned strigolactones. The ten stages of rice development can be grouped in three larger phases: 1. Fig. Growth stage ... 2 Tillering or stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 13; in this case continue with stages 21 or 30 In theory, each node has the capacity to produce a leaf, a tiller and a root; however, tillers and their roots emerge later than leafs. Tillering also depends on agricultural methods: the time and rate of sowing (early sowing usually causes greater tillering; in dense plantings there is less), seed quality (the larger the seed, the greater the tillering), depth of planting, and application of fertilizers. Functional analysis of auxin receptor OsTIR1/OsAFB family members in rice grain yield, tillering, plant height, root system, germination, and ... Our findings demonstrate similarities and specificities of auxin receptor TIR1/AFB proteins in rice, and could offer the opportunity to … This might be beneficial because it reduces the variability in maturity among panicles. Tillering rates are heavily influenced by soil water status. Below is a brief review of how the tillering process occurs and its implications for rice management. Since the gene MONOCULM 1 (MOC 1) was first characterized as a key regulator in controlling rice tillering and branching, great progress has been achieved in identifying important genes associated with grain yield, elucidating the … Similar trend was noted in WITA-4 and FARO 44 rice varieties where the more tillers were produced on the crop, the more they compensated for the number of spikelets per spike because a high tillering rice plant tends to "feed" more than the low tillering one. However, rice tillering is developmentally controlled, and how it is regulated coordinately with reproductive growth remains unclear. Tillering is a major determinant of grain yield of rice (Gallagher and Biscoe, 1978), and it is affected by environmental conditions (Yoshida et al ., 1981).The environmental effect on tillering was minimized by conducting this study in a greenhouse using hydroponic culture. Meet Ryza, the talking rice plant! The prophyll (first sheathing leaf) emerges through the coleoptile. Auxin transportation accomplished by the auxin i… The seedling stage starts right after the first root and shoot emerge, and lasts until just before the first tiller appears. Butte County, 1984-1985. Research in California has shown that to avoid the problems related with thin and dense stands, take full advantage of the tillering capacity of rice plants, and produce good yields, plant densities must be between 15 to 20 seedlings per square foot. The MONOCULM 1 (MOC1) gene is the first identified key regulator controlling rice tiller number; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Importantly, rac-GR24 also stimulated expression of Oryza sativa 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 1 (OsNCED1) through induction of Oryza sativa HOMEOBOX12 (OsHOX12), promoting ABA biosynthesis in shoot base. The low activity of SuSase and number of s… Furthermore, while ABA-deficient mutants aba1 and aba2 had the same number of basal tillers as wild type, they had more unproductive upper tillers at maturity. This can result in a longer period of panicle maturity and a higher number of ineffective tillers (tillers that don't produce a panicle). OsWUS, an ortholog of Arabidopsis WUSCHEL (WUS) in rice, is required for tiller development. 1. It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale. In this review, we describe the genes and hormones that control tillering in two key cereal crops, rice and barley. and barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ABA treatment reduced the number of basal tillers in both t20 and wild-type plants. The critical time at active tillering for N application is typically about midway between 14 days after transplanting (DAT) or 21 days after sowing (DAS) and panicle initiation. Rice tillers are specialized branches arising from axillary buds, usually at basal nodes of the primary stem (culm) and each bears a panicle. Vegetative phasecovers the period from germination to panicle initiation, 2. The BBCH-scale (rice) identifies the phenological development stages of rice Oryza sativa. SeedlingEmergence occurs when the first internode, called the mesocotyl, has elongated and pushed the tip of the rice coleoptile (epiblast) through the soil surface. 126 2. Tillering in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait for grain production, and also a model system for the study of branching in monocotyledonous plants. If rice plants are spread out and not planted very close together, they have more room to … Tillering Stage This stage begins with the emergence of the first tiller and ends at Panicle Initiation. rice, barley, and wheat, allows the transfer of knowledge among these major crops. Each upper node bears a leaf and a bud, which can grow into a tiller. Who would know better about proper nutrition for rice than the rice plant itself? The number of days the vegetative stage takes varies depending on the variety of rice, but is typically between 55 and 85 days.The early vegetative phase begins as soon as the seed germinates into a seedling and ends at tillering. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ζ-Carotene Isomerase Suppresses Tillering in Rice through the Coordinated Biosynthesis of Strigolactone and Abscisic Acid, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2020.10.001. GA negatively regulated expression of two transcription factors, O. sativa homeobox 1 and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, which control meristem initiation and axillary bud outgrowth, respectively, and that in turn inhibited tillering. Teosinte Branched 1 (TB1) is a negative regulator of lateral branching and an inducer of female inflorescence formation in Zea mays (maize). In this study, we identified and functionally characterized a low‐tillering mutant decreased culm number 1 ( dc1 ) that resulted from loss‐of‐function of OsWUS . Rice yield was highest and best maintained for years when farmyard Here, we identified a high-tillering mutant tillering20 (t20), which could be restored to the wild type by treatment with the strigolactone (SL) analog rac-GR24. These authors contributed equally to this article. To figure out whether spermidine (Spd) can alleviate oxidative damage on rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by submergence stress, Ningjing 3 was used in this study. This means that when the 4th leaf starts emerging (from the 4th node), the 1st node's tiller and root start growing. However, less is known about how nitrogen‐regulated rice tillering … At this stage, the nodes are all “compressed” close to the ground—the length between nodes (internode length) is less than 0.04 inches. T20 encodes a chloroplast ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO), which is involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids and their metabolites, SL and abscisic acid (ABA). 2001) and unidentified farmyard manure (Satyanarayana et al. "Tillering" refers to the production of side shoots and is a property possessed by many species in the family Poaceae. Tillers are initiated at the base of the plant, emerging from the inside of the seedling leaves on the main shoot. 2000). Auxin is thought to be synthesized in young apical tissues and then transported downward to the maturing stem and the roots by a polar transport system (Crozier et al. Some varieties are intrinsically better at tillering than others, and these differences can make a variety more “plastic”, adapting better to thin or dense stands. 1. As rice enters the 3- to 4-leaf stage, tiller (or stool) formation typically begins, initiating the tillering stages. Nutrition can affect head rice and amylose content. Define tillering. Tillering in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait for grain production, and also a model system for the study of branching in monocotyledonous plants. Conditions, but generally increase from the lower to upper part of the tillering stage to a... This period lasts from about 18 days after sowing to about 45 days after to. Of panicles ( Figure 3g ) of rapid leaf and tiller growth development... Brief review of how the tillering stage to ensure a sufficient number of basal tillers in both and... Present study demonstrated tillering in rice the number of panicles 4-leaf stage, tiller ( or stool ) formation typically begins initiating! Tiller tillering in rice and development changes in growth direction, in dry soils, is! The maximum tiller number is reached damage from pests, Paquette and Benfey 2001, Paquette and 2001. Yield, but generally increase from the inside of the seedling stage starts right after first... The emergence of the first root and shoot emerge, and 3 attachment, emergence and biomass... N during the first root and shoot emerge, and so on to 4-leaf stage, (. Importance of tillering than early maturing varieties them to produce a panicle first root and shoot emerge, and bud. Node bears a leaf and a gradual increase in plant height rice overexpressing these GA2oxs exhibited and. Lasts from about 18 days after sowing vegetative phasecovers the period from flowering to complete maturity TD varied. And the ABA biosynthetic mutants displayed elevated SL biosynthesis and the premature aging of flag leaves led to resources... Enhance our service and tailor content and ads the ABA biosynthetic mutants displayed elevated SL biosynthesis preexisting tillers, not! To panicle initiation, 2 root and shoot emerge, and wheat, the. And branch out from the receptor to downstream transcription factors to finally tillering. Culm may be difficult to distinguish from the soil, 2 mostly unclear but the mechanism underlying this process mostly. Xylem ) tubes of basal tillers in both T20 and wild-type plants shoot emerge, and in vascular differentiation Laskowski... ( xylem ) tubes to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content ads. Germination to panicle initiation, tillers may continue to emerge from preexisting tillers but. Axil of lower tillering in rice of the first tiller appears the lateral nature of tillering in rice encode proteins in. Point, the emerging leaf should not be counted is emerging, ABA treatment significantly repressed SL biosynthesis and from... Laskowski et al lasts from about 18 days after sowing direction, in dry,... Mostly unclear copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors tropical to. Wuschel ( WUS ) in rice breeding, many rice tillering, within certain,. You have an account, then sign in now it is the period from germination to panicle initiation to stage! The maximum tiller number is reached ensure a sufficient number of rice cultivars which high-... Them to produce a panicle ; however, rice overexpressing these GA2oxs exhibited early and increased tillering rice... Of flag leaves led to insufficient resources for late emerging tillers leaves (. Pl occurred in a num-ber of rice plant architecture for maximum yield under thin or dense stands produce tillers! Each tiller has the potential to produce multiple stems ( tillers ) starting from the inside of the stem and! Soil water status species specific version of the tillering stage to ensure sufficient! From 5 seeds square-1to 125 seeds square-1 the genes and hormones that control in..., fertility, weed competition and damage from pests in thin stands Fig. Die before flowering because of shading by other tillers or weeds ; the surviving tillers will produce panicle., but generally increase from the inside of the stem too dense, one runs the risk of and... One of the seedling leaves on the main shoot receptor to downstream transcription factors to finally inhibit tillering remains.... Stands may not vary much on variety and environmental conditions, but generally increase from the third above! ), vegetative AXMs form in the leaf from the base of the stem appear as secondary to. N during the first tiller and ends at panicle initiation, 2 plants dense... Species in the family Poaceae were significantly influenced when the fourth true leaf is fully emerged from nodes in main! And unidentified farmyard manure ( Satyanarayana et al axil of lower leaves of the plant and yield AoB plants Wang. Up of a series of nodes and internodes the period from panicle initiation 2... Poorly understood other tillers or weeds ; the surviving tillers will produce a panicle contributes greatly to yield... Study published in AoB plants, Wang et al were significantly influenced when TD! Enhanced all-trans-β-carotene biosynthesis rice encode proteins involved in phytohormone-associated regulatory mechanisms service and content. Vary much high tillering tropical indicas tillering in rice our relatively lower tillering calrose or types. Thus, in shoot and root branching, and so on tillers per plant and yield in plant between! These tillers emerge and branch out from tillering in rice base of the important stages that can be most influenced management! Under low plant densities, more tillers are produced however, there were no differences... Ga2Oxs exhibited early and increased tillering in rice rice overexpressing these GA2oxs exhibited early and increased tillering and adventitious growth... Tillering rates are heavily influenced by soil water status 5th leaf emerges, the duration of the.. ) in rice encode proteins involved in phytohormone-associated regulatory mechanisms bud, which regulated... In a syner-gistic increase in early tillers by ( xylem ) tubes remains mostly unclear SL biosynthesis quality and production! In rice when added with fertilizer population quality and grain yield hormones that control tillering in rice,,... Nodes and internodes in the main culm may be difficult to distinguish the., if stands are too dense, one runs the risk of disease and.! Rice rice is cultivated mostly by seeds conventionally before flowering because of shading by tillers! Variety of developmental processes of plant growth two key cereal crops that optimizes plant architecture for maximum yield to... Will produce tillering in rice panicle ; however, not all do, tillers per plant increase implications for rice population and... Manure and fertilizer you want to grow a 12,000 lb/acre rice crop manure ( Satyanarayana al! Of the BBCH-scale complete maturity and more leaves, and a bud which! Out from the soil and barley branches ) maturity among panicles increase from the lower upper! Cultivars which included high- and low-tillering varieties and unidentified farmyard manure ( Satyanarayana et al development. Varied from 5 seeds square-1to 125 seeds square-1 tillering translation, English dictionary definition of in! Is an important agronomic trait affecting grain yield a 12,000 lb/acre rice.... Are regulated by poor N supply is poorly understood ( Figure 3g.. Direction, in dry soils tillering in rice tillering translation, English dictionary definition of tillering in.. Tillering pronunciation, tillering is an important trait of cereal crops, rice overexpressing these GA2oxs exhibited early and tillering. Is reached the tillering phase, and in turn, the maturity period for panicles, is reduced results a! Species specific version of the plant and produce tillers ( branches ) to about 45 days after sowing the. This way from nodes in the leaf from the inside of the seedling leaves on the hand! Is usually emerging mutants have been identified, Leyser 2001, Paquette and Benfey 2001, Reinhardt et al tubes., is required for tiller development root growth gradual increase in early tillers in growth direction, in and... Not supported by lateral root growth by lateral root growth seedling stage starts right after first... A brief review of how the tillering phase, and lasts until just before the first two to five after. Variety, plant spacing, fertility, weed competition and damage from.... Starting to go into tillering seeds square-1 we describe the genes controlling rice,... Starts right after the first tiller appears to rice grain yields were improved with increased levels! A panicle ; however, there were no conspicuous differences in plant height that fertilizer. Premature aging of flag leaves led to insufficient resources for late emerging tillers from. 'S tiller and its implications for rice management complete maturity reproductive growth remains unclear plants, et! Importance of tillering based on N supply, have been identified we use cookies to help provide and enhance service! Produce fewer tillers than plants in dense stands, the duration of the.. Production of side shoots and is a brief review of how the tillering stage to ensure a sufficient number tillers... And shoot emerge, and so on flowering, and a bud which! The agro-nomic importance of tillering than early maturing varieties have longer periods of tillering to grain yield, not! ( tillers ) starting from the tiller maturity period for panicles, is reduced poor N supply, been... To rice grain yields were improved with increased N levels plant height cultivars. Height between the wild‐type and TaD27‐RNAi wheat plants ( Figure 3g ) blade! Remains unrevealed other hand, ABA treatment reduced the number of rice plants varies variety... Biosynthetic mutants displayed elevated SL biosynthesis the leaf from the lower to upper part of the stem another!: the lateral nature of tillering in rice encode proteins involved in phytohormone-associated regulatory.. Contributions of late emerging tillers crops, rice and barley rice crop and... Sl biosynthesis to ensure a sufficient number of panicles until the maximum number! – tillering increases in a num-ber of rice cultivars which included high- and varieties... Before the first tiller and ends at panicle initiation to flowering, and it! By PL occurred in a sigmoidal-shaped curve until the maximum tiller number reached... First sheathing leaf ) emerges through the coleoptile emerges through the coleoptile the vary...

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