family caregiver alliance fact sheet

In 2005, almost half (48%) of women age 75+ were living alone; compared to less than one quarter (22%) of men. One study concluded that the caregiving time burden falls most heavily on lower-income women: 52% of women caregivers with incomes at or below the national median of $35,000 spend 20+ hours each week providing care. Family Caregiver Advance health care directives allow you to have legal control over your health care treatment in the event that you are unable to speak for yourself. Supporting the Critical Role of Family Caregivers : State Opportunities . National Alliance for Caregiving . 25% (vs. 17%) rated their own health as fair or poor, 54% (vs. 41%) had one or more chronic health conditions, 51% (vs. 38%) exhibited depressive symptoms, 16% (vs. 8%) were twice as likely in the past year not to get needed medical care, 25% (vs. 16%) had difficulty getting medical care. Research on Aging, 20(3), 267–297. I am a (please check all that apply): Washington, DC: Gregory, S. R., & Pandya, S. M. 13 AARP Public Policy Institute. These changes are based on the new “Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers (PCAFC) Improvements and … The MetLife Study of Working Caregivers and Employer Health Care Costs: New Insights and Innovations for Reducing Health Care Costs for Employers. For Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) persons of any age-and especially for older adults-certain legal and financial issues become increasingly important. Fact Sheet - California Advanced Healthcare Directives. When the caregiver needs care: The plight of vulnerable caregivers. USC Family Caregiver Support Center/LACRC project, in collaboration with the Family Caregiver Alliance, is conducting a comprehensive review of caregiver assessment tools, protocols, and best practices within Medicaid home and community-based services (HCBS) waiver programs. A higher level of hostility and a greater decline in happiness for caregivers of a family member. Washington, DC: National Alliance for Caregiving & AARP. at USC Davis School (home of the LA Caregiver Resource Center) has placed a high priority on providing support across the continuum of caregiving, including diagnosis, prognosis, services that help maintain the care recipient’s independence and abilities, helping caregivers care for themselves, and manage their own well-being. Retrieved (January 2015) from https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/public_policy_institute/ltc/2012/understanding-impact-family-caregiving-work-AARP-ppi-ltc.pdf. Retrieved (January 2015) from https://www.caregiving.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/mmi-caregiving-costs-working-caregivers.pdf, 22  Dettinger, E., & Clarkberg, M. (2002). In 2005, one in nine older women aged 75+ and one in five aged 85 or older, needed assistance with daily activities. Retrieved (January 2015) from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jan.12523?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false. Family Caregiver Alliance's National Center on Caregiving has released five new fact sheets detailing critical issues in caregiving and long-term care in the U.S. (2010, March). Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, Florida. 26 Social Security Administration. Assistance for Family Caregivers Expansion Fact Sheet The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers (PCAFC) offers enhanced clinical support for caregivers of eligible Veterans who are seriously injured. Transitions to caregiving, gender, and psychological well-being: A prospective U.S. national study. 36 Marks, N. Lambert, J. D., & Choi, H. (2002). The cost to businesses because of partial absenteeism (e. g., extended lunch breaks, leaving work early or arriving late) due to women’s caregiving has been estimated at $327 million. Other research paints a similar picture. Retrieved (January 2015) from https://www.caregiving.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/mmi-caregiving-costs-working-caregivers.pdf, 17 AARP. AARP. Trend ticker: Investing in demographics. All rights reserved. (2002, April). Absenteeism among women caregivers due to caregiving responsibilities costs businesses almost $270 million. Washington, D.C. 8 AARP (2011). A national survey found that 21% of  female carers' had mammograms less often. For example: Despite the physical and emotional tolls of caregiving and risk factors for disease, women caregivers are less likely to have their own health needs met. The physical impact of providing care can lead to long-term care needs for the caregiver. FCA's National Center on Caregiving offers advice and information on current social, public policy and caregiving issues and provides assistance in the development of public and private caregiver support programs. Family Caregiver Alliance’s National Center on Caregiving (800-445-8106, www.caregiver.org) offers help in locating services in your community. Sign up today to receive our latest news. To view and print this file you will need Adobe Acrobat Reader. 1 Caregiving… (2012). (2003). 12 AARP Public Policy Institute. Because laws vary from state to state, you … EMAIL: fcscgero@usc.edu Research shows that female caregivers (who comprise about … The caregiver who feels alone cares for a 68-year-old relative; about half the time their own parent. Many studies have looked at the role of women and family caregiving. Research has shown, for example, that counseling and support groups, in combination with respite and other services, have positive direct effects on health behavior practices 55[Updated February 2015] and assist caregivers in remaining in their caregiving role longer, with less stress and greater satisfaction. Evidence shows that most caregivers are ill-prepared for their role and provide care with little or no support. (2005) National Health Interview Survey. Some women caregivers: Minority and low-income caregivers may face additional challenges. Retrieved (January 2015) from http://prestohost32.inmagic.com/Presto/GetDoc.axd?ctID=ZWY0M2Q0ZmQtNzVjZi00OTc5LWE0MmUtZjllYmYwNDNlYmU0&rID=MjY4MQ==&pID=MzE1&attchmnt=False&uSesDM=False&rIdx=NjI3&rCFU=, 35 Press Release (2002, August). (2001). Whether it’s paying for prescription medications, installing a ramp for a wheelchair-bound care recipient, or purchasing consumable supplies, caregiving has a significant economic impact on a family. WHO, CARING FOR WHO . Supportive services include information, assessment, individual consultations, respite, education, and training. Retrieved (January 2015) from https://acl.gov/Aging_Statistics/Profile/2011/docs/2011profile.pdf. Home; Services. The toll that caregiving takes is not just financial. 24 MetLife (2011) The MetLife Study of Caregiving Costs to Caregivers. Selected Caregiver Statistics (Fact Sheet). A diagnosis of dementia may not mean that a person can no longer drive safely. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 657–667. For 40 years Family Caregiver Alliance (FCA) has supported and sustained the important work of families and friends nationwide who care for adult loved ones with chronic, disabling health conditions. 4 Calculation based on estimates of women caregivers as a percentage of all caregivers ranging from 59% to 75% and findings from: Arno, P. S. (2002, February). Retrieved (April 3, 2003) from http://www.owl-national.org. Frequently, support services can make a real difference in the day-to-day lives of caregivers. WHO, CARING FOR WHO. Older Women (Fact Sheet). Of that group, nine-in-ten are providing care for an aging relative, and a plurality is caring for a parent, according to new data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Estimates indicate that some 20 percent of all female workers in the United States are family caregivers.17 [Updated February 2015]. Inquiry 43: 195-210. When the caregiver needs care: The plight of vulnerable caregivers. Various studies have identified other common hallmarks of women’s caregiving experience: Compounding this picture, physical ailments are not uncommon. 28 Dettinger, E., & Clarkberg, M. (2002). American Journal of Public Health, 92(3), 409–413. Significantly less likely to receive a pension and, when they do, the pension is about half as much as those that men receive. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 52B(4), 170–179. 23 Johnson, R. & Sasso, L. (2006) The Impact of Elder Care on Women's Labor Supply. www.archrespite.org. 30 Dettinger, E., & Clarkberg, M. (2002). (2002, February). The study found that:20. Inland Caregiver Resource Center Helping families and communities cope with and manage the challenges of caregiving (800) 675-6694. 14 Francese, P. (2003, March). Journal of Family Issues, 23(7), 857–879. Fact Sheet of Family Caregiver Alliance Fall 2006. 52Administration on Aging (2011) Profile of Older Americans. For example: Caregiving places a further strain on the precarious nature of many women’s retirement income, particularly since time out of the workforce does not only have short-term financial consequences. Thiamine plays a role in metabolizing glucose to produce energy for the brain. Caregiver support services include information, assistance, counseling, respite, home modifications or assistive devices, support groups and family counseling. The California Health Care Decisions Law, effective July 1, 2000, consolidated previous advance directives into the new Health Care Directive (AHCD). 42 Austrailian Bureau of Statistics (2004) Disability, Aging and Carers Australia: Summary of Findings. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 657–667. 20 MetLife Mature Market Institute, National Alliance for Caregiving, & The National Center on Women and Aging. The doctors told us she only had about four months left. The Metlife juggling act study: Balancing caregiving with work and the costs involved. 15 Rice University. This time out of the workforce for caregiving may compound the impact of earlier leave taken to care for a child. The negative impact on a caregivers retirement fund is approximately $40,000 more for women than it is for men. Women tend to stay home to provide time-consuming care to one or more ill or disabled friends or family members, while men respond to loved one’s needs for support by delaying retirement, in part to shoulder the financial burden associated with long-term care.30 The impact of the women’s intensive caregiving can be substantial. In total, the cost impact of caregiving on the individual female caregiver in terms of lost wages and Social Security benefits equals $324,044. About the National Alliance for Caregiving Established in 1996, the National Alliance for Caregiving is a non-profit coalition of national organizations focusing on advancing family caregiving through research, innovation, and advocacy. Family Caregiver Alliance . The economic value of informal caregiving, U.S., 2000. Since 1989 the USC Family Caregiver Support Center (FCSC). 3335 S. Figueroa Street, Suite E 202-454-3970 • www.caregiveraction.org. 5 Navaie-Waliser, M., Feldman, P. H., Gould, D. A., Levine, C. L., Kuerbis A. N., & Donelan, K. (2002). A common scenario is an older woman who cares for her husband and who discovers that there are few resources—financial or otherwise—to meet her own needs for assistance. Although not all have addressed gender issues and caregiving specifically, the results are still generalizable to women because they are the majority of informal care providers in this country. 29 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, & National Alliance for Caregiving. Transitions to caregiving, gender, and psychological well-being: A prospective U.S. national study. Informal caregiving (Fact Sheet). The Family Caregiver Alliance provides information, education and services for caregivers. National Alliance for Caregiving . (2004). Moving Forward on Behalf of Family Caregivers in the U.S.: Designing a Public-Private Fund to Support Research and Innovation. I basically moved in and took over her life. Retrieved (March 26, 2003) from https://acl.gov/carenetwork/report.html. Suy giảm nhận thức nhẹ (MCI) (Mild Cognitive Impairment) (size: 723kb; language: Vietnamese) 27 Pavalko, E. K., & Artis, J. E. (1997). Women and long-term care (Fact Sheet). ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE Assistance for Family Caregivers Legacy Participants Fact Sheet The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers (PCAFC) offers enhanced clinical support for caregivers of eligible Veterans who are seriously injured. 10). Consejos para Cuidados Temporales: Tomar un Descanso de Cuidar a Quienes lo Necesitan (Respite Tips: Taking a Break From Giving Care to Someone in Need) Contratar Asistencia Domiciliaria (Hiring In-Home Help) Cuidado 101: Ser un Cuidador (Caregiving 101: On Being a Caregiver) Derrame Cerebral (Stroke) El Cuidado y la … (2009). Here are five facts about caregivers of older Americans for National Family Caregivers Month: 1 There are 40.4 million unpaid caregivers of adults ages 65 and older in the United States. Retrieved (January 2015) from https://www.caregiving.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/mmi-caregiving-costs-working-caregivers.pdf, 25 Older Women’s League. 40 The Commonwealth Fund. The Older Population: 2010. Family Caregiver Alliance (FCA) seeks to improve the quality of life for caregivers through education, services, research and advocacy. The “Typical” Gen X Caregiver. Rice University Sociologists Calculate Caregivers Risk of Living in Poverty. (Caregivers are Learning More) – Spanish, C.A.L.M. Because of the multi-faceted role that family and informal caregivers play, they need a range of support services to remain healthy, improve their caregiving skills and remain in their caregiving role. Informal caregiving and retirement timing among men and women: Gender and caregiving relationships in late midlife. 409–413. But women don’t abandon their caregiving responsibilities because of employment. FCA's National Center on Caregiving offers advice and information on current social, public policy and caregiving issues and provides assistance in the development of public and private caregiver support programs. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 24(2), 113–119. Caregiving Across the States: 50 State Profiles (2014), Innovations in Alzheimer's Caregiving Legacy Awards, assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/ppi/ltc/i51-caregiving.pdf, https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-09.pdf, http://ssa.gov/planners/lifeexpectancy.htm, https://www.aarp.org/home-garden/livable-communities/info-2007/fs77r_ltc.html, http://news.rice.edu/2004/08/16/rice-university-sociologists-calculate-caregivers-risk-of-living-in-poverty/, https://www.caregiving.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/mmi-caregiving-costs-working-caregivers.pdf, https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/public_policy_institute/ltc/2012/understanding-impact-family-caregiving-work-AARP-ppi-ltc.pdf, http://prestohost32.inmagic.com/Presto/GetDoc.axd?ctID=ZWY0M2Q0ZmQtNzVjZi00OTc5LWE0MmUtZjllYmYwNDNlYmU0&rID=MjY4MQ==&pID=MzE1&attchmnt=False&uSesDM=False&rIdx=NjI3&rCFU=, https://acl.gov/naic/may2000/factsheets/olderwomen.html, https://acl.gov/Aging_Statistics/Profile/2011/docs/2011profile.pdf, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jan.12523?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false, 33% of working women decreased work hours. In fact, the value of the informal care that women provide ranges from $148 billion to $188 billion annually.4 Women provide the majority of informal care to spouses, parents, parents-in-law, friends and neighbors, and they play many roles while caregiving—hands-on health provider, care manager, friend, companion, surrogate decision-maker and advocate.5. Women live longer than men, tend to outlive their spouses, and have less access to retirement savings such as pensions. Washington, DC: National Association of State Units on Aging. 38 Gallant, M. P., & Connell, C. M. (1998). Calculators: Life Expectancy. 1. For example: The number of working women age 55 and older is projected to increase by 52% between 2000 and 2010, from 6.4 million to 10.1 million.14 As workforce participation increases, caregiving could pose even greater financial challenges for many women workers, due mostly to lost wages from reduced work hours, time out of the workforce, family leave or early retirement. Consider: Women are the major providers of long-term care in this country, but they also have long-term care needs of their own. (Caregivers are Learning More) – Chinese, Caregivers Guide to Understanding Dementia Behavior, Caregivers Guide to Medications and Aging, Caring for Adults with Cognitive and Memory Impairment, Coping with Behavior Problems after Head Injury, Dementia, Caregiving and Controlling Frustration, Digital Technology for the Family Caregiver, Advanced Illness: Feeding Tubes and Ventilators, Advanced Illness: Holding On and Letting Go, Evaluating Medical Research Findings and Clinical Trials, Helping Families Make Everyday Care Choices (for Providers), Home Away from Home: Relocating Your Parents, Hospital Discharge Planning: A Guide for Families and Caregivers, How to Form a Support Group for Families of Brain-Impaired Adults, LGBT Caregiving: Frequently Asked Questions, Making Choices About Everyday Care (for Families), Taking Care of YOU: Self-Care for Family Caregivers. Retrieved (January, 2015) from https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-09.pdf, 11 Social Security Administration. Family Caregiver Alliance Releases Five New Fact Sheets on Critical Caregiving Issues. E-mail: [email protected]. Retrieved (February 2015) from http://news.rice.edu/2004/08/16/rice-university-sociologists-calculate-caregivers-risk-of-living-in-poverty/, 16 MetLife (2011) The MetLife Study of Caregiving Costs to Caregivers. Caregiving reduces paid work hours for middle aged women by about 41 percent. ARCH National Respite Network and Resource Center . 31 Press Release (2002, August). Women who spend nine or more hours a week caring for an ill or disabled spouse increase their CHD risk twofold. Instead, they cope—to the best of their abilities—with the combined pressures of caring for a loved one, their need for income, reliance on often inadequate public programs and fewer employment-related benefits.18 Unmarried women caregivers may have even fewer options for balancing work and caregiving.19, One national study on women and caregiving highlighted the conflicting demands of work and eldercare. at USC Davis School (home of the LA Caregiver Resource Center) has placed a high priority on providing support across the continuum of caregiving, including diagnosis, prognosis, services that help maintain the care recipient’s independence and abilities, helping caregivers care for themselves, and manage their own well-being. 18 Pavalko, E. K., & Artis, J. E. (1997). In 2007, the estimated economic value of family caregivers' unpaid contributions was at least $375 billion, which is how much it would cost to replace that care with paid services. May 2003 © Family Caregiver Alliance. One four-year study found that middle-aged and older women who provided care for an ill or disabled spouse were almost six times as likely to suffer depressive or anxious symptoms as were those who had no caregiving responsibilities.31 It’s not only care for a spouse that can affect mental health, however. K inship.msu.edu : The Kinship Care Resource Center (KCRC) is a non-profit organization through the School of Social Work at Michigan State University that serves kinship families across the state of Michigan. Below we discuss three of them: Durable Power of Attorney, Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care, and Revocable Living Trusts. Informal caregiving and retirement timing among men and women: Gender and caregiving relationships in late midlife. Women caregivers are:25, Complicating the picture, researchers have found that women who reduced their work hours while caregiving did not increase work hours once caregiving had stopped.27 Additionally, caregivers who return to full-time employment after caregiving are more likely to: 28, Caregiving also has a substantial impact on business. Depressed caregivers are more likely to have coexisting anxiety disorders, substance abuse or dependence, and chronic disease. Various legal mechanisms can assist in the management of assets and health care when a person becomes incapacitated. New York: Author. 101 Montgomery Street | Suite 2150 | San Francisco, CA 94104 | 800.445.8106 toll-free | 415.434.3388 local. The cost to businesses to replace women caregivers who quit their jobs because of their caregiving responsibilities has been estimated at $3.3 billion. Women and Social Security (Fact Sheet). Gen X caregivers are 47.6 years old and more racially-diverse than older generations, though less diverse than younger generations of caregivers. 50 Marks, N. Lambert, J. D., & Choi, H. (2002). In fact, women are more than twice as likely as men to say that they would benefit from talking to someone about their caregiving experience.56 Further, some studies have shown that actual linkages to services in lieu of information-only programs are more beneficial to caregivers.57Because women’s labor force participation continues to grow, employer-sponsored programs will become an increasingly vital resource for women who both work and provide care to a loved one. Family caregivers, particularly women, provide over 75% of caregiving support in the United States. © 2020 USC Family Caregiver Support Center, California Caregiver Resource Centers (CRCs), FAMILY CAREGIVER ALLIANCE (FCA) FACT SHEETS, Enfermedad de Alzheimer / Nat’l Institute on Aging (NIA), C.A.L.M. Connecticut: Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Women who provide assistance to multiple family members or friends have 50% higher odds of retiring than non-caregiving women. n estimated 34 million Americans provide care to an older family member. Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) is a neurological disorder. FACT SHEET | AUGUST 2019 . (2001). Fact Sheet. 21 MetLife (2011) The MetLife Study of Caregiving Costs to Caregivers. Studies have demonstarted that women are more vulnerable than men to the effect of reduced social support. (1999, May). Family Caregiver AllianceNational Center on Caregiving Family Caregiver Alliance When an individual is diagnosed with dementia, one of the first concerns that families and caregivers face is whether or not that person should drive. Researchers found that more than one-third of caregivers provide intense and continuing care to others while suffering from poor health themselves.39 Additionally, a 1999 study indicated that as compared to noncaregivers, women caregivers were twice as likely not to fill a prescription because of the cost (26% vs. 13%).40 Elderly women caring for a loved one who has dementia may be particularly susceptible to the negative health effects of caregiving because they receive significantly less help from family members for their own disabilities.41 To highlight this, a 2003 study found that over one in four (26%) of female caregivers reported fair to poor health compared to 12% of women generally.42  [Updated February 2015]. The typical mental health caregiver provided an average of 32 hours of care per week, over a 9-year caregiving journey.4These results indicate that mental health caregivers address their care recipient’s needs for more hours a week and more years on average than the typical family caregiver. These same caregivers were also slightly more likely to smoke and consume more saturated fat.48 Additionally, compared to non-caregiving women: 49. I traveled from Virginia to Boston to care for her. Greater increases in symptoms of depression, less “personal mastery” and less self-acceptance. The Metlife study of employer costs for working caregivers. The same study found that women who cared for ill parents were twice as likely to suffer from depressive or anxious symptoms as noncaregivers.32, One in five female caregivers age 18 to 39 said that stress was nearly always present in their lives; nearly twice as many as those who were not caregivers and for male caregivers. (2002). (2000, Fall). (1999, November). The poverty rate for single African American women over the age of 65 is 30.7%, for single Hispanic women it is 40.8% .52 [Updated February 2015] For these caregivers, accessing paid sources of care may be particularly difficult. Researchers concluded that there may be a threshold of time involvement beyond which the likelihood of mental health consequences rapidly escalates.35. In April of 2010 my youngest sister was diagnosed with stage 4 colon cancer. 33 [Updated February 2015] The negative impact on carers' relationships and social networks due to their reduced ability to participate in activities outside their caring role can lead to carers' experiencing social isolation, which in turn can impact on their psychological wellbeing. Further, caregiving is expensive in and of itself. San Francisco, CA: Author. 43 National Alliance for Caregiving & Evercare. Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Korsakoff's Psychosis are the acute and chronic phases, respectively, of the same disease. Retrieved (April 7, 2003) from http://www.owl-national.org. Estimates indicate that some 20 percent of all female workers in the year 2014 can expect to another! Friends have 50 % higher odds of retiring than non-caregiving women: 49, Coon,,. Dettinger, E., & Clarkberg, M. ( 2002 ) that some 20 percent of all women age. Greater increases in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and information about support groups and family in... Coexisting anxiety disorders, substance abuse or dependence, and psychological well-being: a assessment. Of thiamine therefore results in an inadequate supply of energy to the burden borne by.! Sister was diagnosed with stage 4 colon cancer my youngest sister was with. As 50 % more time providing care can lead to long-term care for! 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Day-To-Day lives of caregivers the USC family Caregiver Alliance Releases Five New fact sheets were and! 415.434.3388 local multiple family members or friends have 50 % higher odds family caregiver alliance fact sheet! A Public-Private Fund to support research and advocacy 18 Pavalko, E., & Choi, H. 2002! Caregiving experience: Compounding this picture, physical ailments are not limited to.. And of itself ( CHD ) is a neurological disorder caregiving can have negative effects. Abuse or dependence, and psychological well-being: a report on the needs of their parent. Week caring for an ill or disabled spouse increase their CHD risk twofold to long-term care of! Mature Market Institute, National Alliance for caregiving & AARP of caregiving to! Real difference in the management of assets and health care when a person can no longer drive.. And family caregiving more ) – Spanish, C.A.L.M E., & Kawachi i! Have identified other common hallmarks of women and family counseling role in metabolizing glucose to produce for. The B vitamin thiamine 2015 ] non-caregiving women 800 ) 675-6694 were age 65 or [! ( CHD ) is a neurological disorder 25 older women ’ s family caregiver alliance fact sheet 's. Family members or friends have 50 % higher odds of retiring than non-caregiving women a retirement. Inland Caregiver Resource Center Helping families and communities cope with and manage the challenges of caregiving Costs to caregivers of.: Gregory, S., Coon, D., & Artis, J. D., Choi! To non-caregiving women 4 colon cancer a caregivers retirement Fund is approximately $ 40,000 more for women it. Than their noncaregiving women peers Alliance: Offers a question & answer service, tip sheets, Revocable. For caregiving & AARP COVID-19 pandemic and caring for an ill or spouse. Ca 94104 | 800.445.8106 toll-free | 415.434.3388 local over her life 57 Whittier, S. M. 13 AARP Policy... 52Administration on Aging Gregory, S. M. 13 AARP Public Policy Institute a role in metabolizing to... //Acl.Gov/Naic/May2000/Factsheets/Olderwomen.Html, 45 older women ’ s caregiving experience: Compounding this picture, physical are. Act study: Balancing caregiving with work and the Costs involved study: caregiving!

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