who is nicaragua current president

In Ortega's concession speech the following day he vowed to keep "ruling from below" a reference to the power that the FSLN still wielded in various sectors. [32] [98] According to the Supreme Electoral Council, Ortega defeated Fabio Gadea, with 63% of the vote. [122] Altogether, these policies have helped to reduce high levels of poverty and inequality in Nicaragua. In April 2018, the people of Nicaragua peacefully took to the streets to protest lack of democracy and rule of law. Well, yes, Enrique Bolanos was elected in 2002. [116][117][118][119] 16 were killed, and 88 injured, as "police sprayed the crowd with bullets, government sharpshooters positioned on the roof of the national baseball stadium went headhunting with sniper rifles".[79]. info)), is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the northwest, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. However, that same year Somoza’s National Guard captured him. [142] However, with a trade show from China (PRC) in Managua in 2010, he is attempting a two-track policy to get benefits from both sides. [27] The Ortega brothers forged alliances with a wide array of anti-Somoza forces, including Catholic and Protestant activists, and other non-Marxist civil society groups. (At the start of the pandemic, Ortega was out of the public eye for "more than 40 days", and no explanation was given for his absence when he returned. [40], In 1980 the Sandinista government launched the massive Nicaraguan Literacy Campaign, and claimed the illiteracy rate fell from 50% to 13% in the span of five months. [99] While non-emergency abortions have long been illegal in Nicaragua, recently even abortions "in the case where the pregnancy endangers the mother's life", otherwise known as therapeutic abortions have been made illegal in the days before the 2006 election, with a six-year prison term in such cases, too—a move supported by Ortega. The ROC increased its investment in Nicaragua. Photos and bios of the current Heads of State, Dictators and First Ladies. [40], Ortega's administration forced displacement of many of the indigenous population: 10,000 individuals had been moved by 1982. [104] In August 2016, Ortega chose his wife, Rosario Murillo, as his vice-presidential running-mate for re-election. [90] He also said God was punishing the United States with the financial crisis for trying to impose its economic principles on poor countries. [110] Despite attempts by Ortega's government to hide the incident through censorship of all private-owned news outlets, photos and videos of the violence made their way to social media where they sparked outrage and urged more Nicaraguans to join in on the protests. The 1983 Constituent Assembly decided to create the current Constitution of El Salvador which set presidential terms to 5 years and would begin and end on June 1. A leader in the Sandinista National Liberation Front (Spanish: Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional; FSLN), he implemented policies to achieve leftist reforms across Nicaragua. Despite the attendance of children, mothers and retirees, and lack of any violence by marchers, marchers were attacked in an event dubbed the "Mother's Day Massacre". The revolutionary government wanted to preserve a mixed economy and support private sector investment. [20] Their father Daniel Ortega Cedra detested U.S. military intervention in Nicaragua and Washington's support for the Somoza dictatorship. [30][31] Ortega adopted stepdaughter Zoilamérica Narváez in 1986, through a court case. Since that time, he has remained an influential leader in the Sandinista movement and through it, although less so recently, in Nicaraguan politics. But he did not do so. Martin Kriele, “Power and Human Rights in Nicaragua,” German Comments, April 1986, pp. In these elections, a key issue was the allegation of corruption. He declared the FSLN's future depended on implementing new plans, “so that the party can advance via new routes and in new ways, always under Ortega’s leadership.” Ortega gained power over the selection of candidates, allowing him to personally choose all candidates for public office. He was in office from 1979 until 1990 and then returned to power in 2007. "[148], Ortega has said that Assad's victory in the 2014 election is an important step to "attain peace in Syria and a clear cut evidence that the Syrian people trust their president as a national leader and support his policies which aim at maintaining Syria's sovereignty and unity". [25], After being released, Ortega was exiled to Cuba. In 2007 Ortega stated that Nicaragua did not accept the One China Policy of the PRC government and that Nicaragua reserved the right to maintain official diplomatic relations with the ROC. [16][17] Government officials and government-owned media denied responsibility for such actions. [69], Ortega's policies became more moderate during his time in opposition, and he gradually changed much of his former Marxist stance in favor of an agenda of democratic socialism. [154] Many Nicaraguans, including prominent former Sandinista leaders, such as Daniel Ortega's own brother Humberto Ortega, have accused him of forgetting where he came from and catering to his own capitalist interests, calling his government monopolistic and authoritarian and denouncing him as a "Bloody Dictator". La fonction de président de la République du Nicaragua fut créée par Constitution de 1854. Automobiles. He continued to be an important figure in Nicaraguan opposition politics. Ortega continued to deny the allegations and Narváez withdrew the accusations in 2008, though she later renewed her complaints shortly after. [65] The DL fought the Chamorro government with disruptive labor strikes and demonstrations, and renewed calls for the revolutionary reconstruction of Nicaraguan society. A woman wearing a protective face mask walks in front of a picture of the Nicaraguan president, Daniel Ortega, and vice-president, Rosario Murillo, in Managua, Nicaragua, on … José Daniel Ortega Saavedra (Spanish pronunciation: [daˈnjel oɾˈteÉ£a]; born November 11, 1945) is a Nicaraguan politician serving as President of Nicaragua since 2007; previously he was leader of Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as Coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction (1979–1985) and then as President (1985–1990). [42][unreliable source?] "[121] Since the start of his second presidency, various measures have been introduced to combat hunger and to improve access to healthcare, education,[122] credit,[123] and social security. [27], Ortega married Rosario Murillo in 1979 in a secret ceremony. Peace talks between five Central American heads of state in July 1987 led to the signing of the Central American Peace Accords, and the beginning of a roadmap to the end of the conflict. Suivez l'évolution de l'épidémie de CoronaVirus / Covid19 en France département. According to a detailed study, since the 1984 election was for posts subordinate to the Sandinista Directorate, the elections were no more subject to approval by vote than the Central Committee of the Communist Party is in countries of the East Bloc. [50] While campaigning, Ortega promoted the Sandinistas’ achievements, and at a rally claimed that “Democracy is literacy, democracy is land reform, democracy is education and public health.”[51] International observers judged the election to be the first free election held in the country in more than half a century. The civil war greatly affected the political stability of the country. [65], Ortega ran for election again, in October 1996 and November 2001, but lost on both occasions to Arnoldo Alemán and Enrique Bolaños, respectively. The Sandinistas softened their anti-imperialist rhetoric, with Ortega calling the U.S. “our great neighbor,” and vowing to cooperate “within a framework of respect, equality, and justice.” The image change failed, as Aleman's Liberal Alliance came first with 51.03% of the vote, while Ortega's FSLN secured 37.75%. These have been the demands of the Nicaraguan opposition. The effort failed to unite the party, and intense debates over the internal governance of the FSLN continued. The controversial alliance of Nicaragua's two major parties is aimed at distributing power between the PLC and FSLN, and preventing other parties from rising. This occurred despite the fact that the breakaway Sandinista Renovation Movement (MRS) continued to oppose the FSLN, running former Mayor of Managua Herty Lewites as its candidate for president. [95][96][97] Throughout 2010, court rulings gave Ortega greater power over judicial and civil service appointments. [38] The main organization of Nicaraguan big business was composed of prosperous families from the Pacific coast cities, who dominated commerce and banking. [98], On March 6, 2008, following the 2008 Andean diplomatic crisis, Ortega announced that Nicaragua was breaking diplomatic ties with Colombia "in solidarity with the Ecuadorian people". He has twice been elected the country's president: in 1984 and again in 2006. [83] For the first time since 1990, the Council decided not to allow national or international observers to witness the election. The next presidential elections will take place soon and the political campaigns are heating up with even some commentary … [84][85] Instances of intimidation, violence, and harassment of opposition political party members and NGO representatives have been recorded. The result was a cruel and costly civil war that in 1989 compelled the Sandinistas to accept a peace arrangement negotiated by Costa Rican President Oscar Arias Sanchez. We are breaking relations with the terrorist policy practiced by Álvaro Uribe's government". The president of Nicaragua, officially known as the president of the Republic of Nicaragua, is the head of state of Nicaragua. Under the leadership of Ortega and Tomas Borge, the radicals regrouped into the "principled" faction, and branded themselves the Izquierda Democratica (ID), or Democratic Left (DL). He was put in charge of its urban guerrilla wing in 1967. Who is the current president of nicaragua? The current president of Nicaragua is Jose Daniel Ortega who has been in office since 2007, and his Vice is Moi… Ortega sidelined party officials and other members while empowering his own informal circle, known as the ring of iron.[65]. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838, the head of state of Nicaragua was styled simply as Head of State, and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director. [20], Ortega was first arrested for political activities at the age of 15,[21] and quickly joined the then-underground Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). On May 25, 2008, Ortega, upon learning of the death of FARC guerrilla leader Manuel Marulanda in Colombia, expressed condolences to the family of Marulanda and solidarity with the FARC and called Marulanda an extraordinary fighter who battled against profound inequalities in Colombia. The executive is comprised of the President, Vice-president, and the Council of Ministers. The UNESCO awarded Nicaragua the Nadezhda K. Krupskaya prize in recognition of its efforts. Oliver North and several members of the Reagan administration defied the Boland Amendment, selling arms to Iran and using the proceeds in order to secretly fund the Contras. 1 decade ago. Gangs of masked men loot and burn shops with impunity. Ortega and other party insiders found common ground with the radicals, who still promoted anti-imperialism and class conflict to achieve social change. In November 1984, the Sandinistas were victorious in national elections, and Ortega became Nicaragua’s president. These figures are disputed, as many "unteachable" illiterates were omitted from the statistics, and many people declared literate were found to be unable to read or write a simple sentence. Ortega met with the ROC President Ma Ying-jeou in 2009 and both agreed to improve the diplomatic ties between both countries. Nicaragua declines to confront a pandemic. Favorite Answer. Nissan President, luxury car manufactured by Nissan; Studebaker President, a luxury car made by Studebaker; Film and television. Under Ortega's leadership, Nicaragua joined the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas. [106], According to Tim Rogers, until the 2018 unrest, as president Ortega presided over "the fastest-growing economy in Central America" and was a "poster child for foreign investment and citizen security in a region known for gangs and unrest". "[91], Before the National Sandinista Council held in September 2009, Lenin Cerna, the secretary of the party organization, called for diversifying its political strategies. Ortega emphasized peace and reconciliation in his campaign, and selected a former Contra leader, Jaime Morales Corazo, as his running mate. 56–7, 63–7, a chapter excerpted from his Nicaragua: Das blutende Herz Amerikas (Piper, 1986). These were known collectively as the Contras. Daniel Ortega, in full José Daniel Ortega Saavedra, (born November 11, 1945, La Libertad, Nicaragua), Nicaraguan guerrilla leader, member of the Sandinista junta that took power in 1979, and the elected president of Nicaragua (1984–90, 2007– ). [80] The report found the government had progressed from "using tear gas to rubber bullets, then real bullets and finally military firepower like assault rifles and grenade launchers", based on an analysis of videos posted on social media. In 1988, the Contras first entered into peace talks with the Sandinista government, although the violence continued, as did their US support. However, the Sandinista regime did initiate significant reforms that, in many cases, were of great benefit to Nicaragua’s poor and could have achieved more, had it not been for a new civil war. ColoRockies30. In hospitals "ruling-party activists ensure no information leaks out", and it quotes a doctor (anesthesiologist María Nela Escoto) complaining that in the public hospital where she works "everything is secret. [79] During this time the Ortega government formed an alliance with the Superior Council for Private Enterprise (COSEP), Nicaragua's council of business chambers. De 1825 jusqu'à la Constitution de 1838, le Nicaragua fait partie de la République fédérale d'Amérique centrale et est dirigé localement par un chef de l'État (Jefe del Estado). [23], He was imprisoned in 1967 for taking part in armed robbery of a branch of the Bank of America. [33] After the meeting, Carter asked Congress for $75 million in aid to Nicaragua, contingent on the Sandinista government's promise not to aid other guerrillas. It was used as such from 1999 up to 2007 by the presidents at the time. Alma Guillermoprieto, The Heart That Bleeds: Latin America Now, pp. His mother was imprisoned by Somoza's National Guard for being in possession of "love letters," which the police said were coded political missives. She ran an effective campaign, presenting herself as the peace candidate and promising to end the US-funded Contra War if she won. Born into a working-class family, from an early age Ortega opposed Nicaragua's dictator, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, and became involved in the underground movement against his government. [158][159] Ortega, his wife Murillo and their other children denied the allegations, as did many Sandinistas who believe it is politically motivated. During the early 1960s, after only a few months as a student at the Central American University in Managua, he joined the underground Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). [152] According to government estimates, Nicaragua has passed from 25% renewable electricity to 52% between 2007 and 2016. [5] The Terceristas sought to combine the distinct guerrilla war strategies of the two other factions, Tomas Borge's Guerra Prolongada Popular (GPP, or Prolonged People's War), and Jaime Wheelock's Proletarians. This article is more than 1 year old. [33] When Ortega questioned the Americans about CIA support for anti-Sandinista groups, Carter and Deputy Secretary of State Warren Christopher said the reports were false. This illegal[9] intervention continued (albeit covertly) after Ortega's democratic election as president in 1984. At the time, Ortega spo… [65] Ramirez had served as chief of the FSLN's parliamentary caucus since 1990, but Ortega came to oppose his actions in the National Assembly, setting the stage for Ramirez's removal. [101] During the election, the Supreme Electoral Council (CSE) blocked both domestic and international poll observers from multiple polling stations. Despite US opposition,[10] disarmament of the contras began in 1989. During the formative years, the country underwent a period of political and social unrest marked by dictatorship, fiscal crisis and poverty. Under Ortega's direction, the FSLN formed the broad National Convergence (Convergencia Nacional) coalition in opposition to the PLC. Answer Save. However, he didn’t mention anything about guaranteeing that these elections be free and transparent, and open to observation. [57] Ortega campaigned on the slogan, "Everything Will Be Better," and promised that, with the Contra war over, he could focus on the nation's recovery. [68], In the 1996 campaign, Ortega faced the Liberal Alliance (Alianza Liberal), headed by Arnoldo Aleman Lacayo, a former mayor of Managua. [98], In January 2014 the National Assembly, dominated by the FSLN, approved constitutional amendments that abolished term limits for the presidency and allowed a president to run for an unlimited number of five-year terms. [107], President Ortega's government has been the target of criticism for its lack of a response to the pandemic. Sandinista Youth paramilitaries, armed and paid by Ortega’s party, drive around in pickup trucks attacking protesters. [80] Observers from the Organization of American States were expelled after releasing a critical investigative report of the government's response to the uprising. Furthermore, he noted that the scheduled 2021 presidential elections in Nicaragua are now one year away. In 1984, Ortega won Nicaragua's free and fair presidential election with over 60% of the vote as the FSLN's candidate. Download this stock image: Daniel Ortega, Nicaragua's current president and presidential candidate from the ruling Sandinista National Liberation Front shows his ballots during Nicaragua's presidential election at a polling station in Managua November 6, 2016. [4] Upon release in 1974, he was exiled to Cuba, where he received training in guerrilla warfare from Fidel Castro's Marxist–Leninist government. [94] Opposing parties, the church and human rights groups in Nicaragua denounced the decision. and radio time. “This is starting to look more like Syria than Caracas,” one Nicaraguan business leader told me. [100], Ortega was re-elected president with a vote on November 6 and confirmation on November 16, 2011. [56], In the 1990 presidential election, Ortega lost his reelection bid to Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, his former colleague in the junta. [60] Immediately after the loss, the Sandinistas tried to maintain unity around their revolutionary posture. Police hunt students like enemy combatants. International observers were not allowed to observe the vote. He told collaborators that they should be killed if they did not take part in the robbery. 23–25, Marti i Puig, Salvador. [150], In an interview with Max Blumenthal in August 2019, Ortega stated that he was open to the idea of Bernie Sanders (who had visited him in 1985) winning the U.S. Presidency in 2020 and that Bernie's message "goes in the right direction for the U.S. to become a pole of peace, development, and cooperation. [27], Possible explanations for his loss include that the Nicaraguan people were disenchanted with the Ortega government as well as the fact that already in November 1989, the White House had announced that the economic embargo against Nicaragua would continue unless Violeta Chamorro won. Nicaragua police clash with protesters urging president to quit. The Supreme Electoral Council (CSE) reported Ortega and Murillo won 72.4% of the vote, with 68% turnout. Nicaragua's president Daniel Ortega to stand firm despite violence. Even professionals involved in the uprising (lawyers, engineering majors, radio broadcasters and merchants) had been reduced to lives of "ever-changing safe houses, encrypted messaging apps and pseudonyms", with the Ortega government allegedly “hunting us like deer,” according to one dissident (Roberto Carlos Membreño Briceño). [53] Some opposition parties boycotted the election, allegedly under pressure from US embassy officials, and so it was denounced as being unfair by the Reagan administration. [89], With the late-2000s recession, Ortega in 2011 characterised capitalism as in its "death throes" and portrayed the Bolivarian Alternative for the People of Our America (ALBA) is the most advanced, most Christian and fairest project. Enrique Bolaños. Upon his release, the result of a Sandinista hostage taking, he went to Cuba and next returned to Nicaragua to continue what was now a war against the government. On March 15, 1982, the Junta declared a state of siege, which allowed it to close independent radio stations, suspend the right of association, and limit the freedom of trade unions. Joining the Sandinistas as a student in 1963, Ortega became involved with urban resistance activities and was arrested and imprisoned in 1967. In 2017, Ortega reaffirmed Nicaragua's diplomatic relations with the Taipei government as the legal regime of China. [102] The constitutional reforms also gave Ortega the sole power to appoint military and police commanders. Lv 5. [70] In the run-up to the 2006 elections, Ortega displayed his ties to the Catholic Church by renewing his marriage vows before Cardinal Miguel Obanda y Bravo.[71]. [149], Ortega attended the swearing-in ceremony of Nicolás Maduro for his second term on January 10, 2019. A study by the US Latin American Studies Association (LASA) concluded that the FSLN (Sandinista Front) "did little more to take advantage of its incumbency than incumbent parties everywhere (including the U.S.) routinely do." The pragmatists, led by the former vice president Sergio Ramirez, formed the basis of a "renovating" faction, and supported collaboration with other political forces to preserve the rule of law in Nicaragua. Anderson, Leslie E. and Lawrence C. Dodd, Learning Democracy: Citizen Engagement and Electoral Choice in Nicaragua, 1990-2001, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2005, esp Chapter 3. Most foreign and independent observers noted this pluralism in debunking the Reagan administration charge—ubiquitous in the US media—that it was a "Soviet-style sham" election. A report by an Irish governmentary delegation stated: "The electoral process was carried out with total integrity. Ortega was one of the leading commanders of the forces that ousted Somoza in July 1979 and became the head of the ruling junta at the head of the government of national reconstruction. See also Robert S. Leiken, "The Nicaraguan Tangle". Ortega personally attacked Lewites’ Jewish background, compared him to Judas, and warned he “could end up hanged.”[76] However, Lewites died several months before the elections. An official visit to Iran and met Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Nicaragua fut par. Upon by the extended Somoza family to appoint military and police commanders serves as the have! Land reform '' who is nicaragua current president, McConnell, Shelley a total integrity elections Nicaragua..., fiscal crisis and poverty 's and his cabinet 's resignations was ruled admissible on October 15,.... Heart that Bleeds: Latin America, appeared to signal that a week of buildups! To be an important figure in Nicaraguan opposition politics 27 ], after being released, was. 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