misconceptions about african traditional religion

Additionally, in relevance to Christianity, God is spirit and should as a result be worshipped in truth and spirit. Proof of this is in the ritual killings that keep on happening in this modern age whether it is 100 graves dug up in Benin Republic or albinos being killed for their body parts in Tanzania. The rationale is to designate African traditional religion as inferior to Islam and Christianity. Studies in Comparative Religion, 10(2), Johnson, K. (2004). © Copyright 2009-2019. Further ATR myths have also referred to the religions as heathen, paganism and magical. Africa is a massive continent with diverse religious traditions, to the extent that within the same tradition there have been variations. of religion as concern with spiritual beings in discussing religious norms and ideals for women, and move to a more extensive consid-eration of ritual in my analysis of religious organization and practice. …, Continue reading “Finance: Coursework on Challenges Facing Financial Managers”, SWOT Analysis of Kohl’s Established in 1962, Kohl’s Corporation is an American company, which operates family-oriented department stores. They are referred to as Nzambi’a Mpungu Tulendo in Kikongo, the central language of the Bantu-Kongo people, which is translates as the “everything in everything”. The three main religious traditions—African traditional religion, Christianity, and Islam—constitute the triple religious heritage of the African continent. Take Ghanaian priest and healer Kwaku Bonsam, for instance, the focus of this New York Times article. There are numerous different religions practiced in Africa which do not get a lot of attention—just as there are everywhere. This kind of contention strikes off the fact that Africans did not have religious belief and knowledge in God before arrival of European missionaries (Johnson, 2004). This conception followed the same path that claimed that all ATRs are the same. 8 Misconceptions of Various Religions. Well, it … ATR on the other hand also has divinities that do not match Supreme Being in file and rank. 3 And similar to this was the dialogue that took place between Edwin Smith, who had gone out as a missionary to Africa, and Emil Ludwig, an eminent biographer. This anima also according to Taylor had the ability to live after death. Most missionaries strongly believed that they were saving Africans from satanic oppression and ignorance, an idea that most post-colonial Africans have internalised. All African Countries Are Poor. There is a great need to differentiate between legitimate spiritual systems and witchcraft, yet it is widely accepted that human sacrifices were part and parcel of pre-colonial faith systems. There are few religions as globally misunderstood as African traditional religions. This falsifies the myth that ATRs were founded by one person and ascribed to a single Holy text. It was through email that my friend introduced me to him, his service was paid for through his website, and after consulting with Ifá, he sent me my life path reading in pdf format. Myth: Slavery is a product of capitalism. African indigenous spiritualities in the 21st century The mere existence of people like Kwaku Bonsam and websites that offer the West African equivalent of Western zodiac signs shows the ways in which indigenous priests are adapting their centuries-old traditions to the modern world and resisting the grand narrative of Christianity and Islam. It was not enough to insist that every form of worship in Africa was of the devil, this was tied to African cultures as a way to reinforce the notion that Africans and African civilisations were lesser when compared to that of Europeans. Since ATRs are culturally dependent, the society played a very crucial role in propagating them. African religions - African religions - Mythology: In African oral cultures, myths embody philosophical reflections, express values, and identify moral standards. The same ATR effect remains solid even in their modern Christian worship (Johnson, 2004). Among Catholics , sex of any kind is taboo for clergy - priests, nuns, and monks — but not for general believers. From Nigeria to Kenya, it is disturbing how we have come to accept the intolerant Western views of African indigenous spiritualities, believing that we are saved because we no longer engage in “idol worship”. The lengths to which some missionaries went in their bid to “civilise” people they saw as inferior still astonishes. ... those misconceptions and misrepresentations of the facts presented by Eurocentric scholars. Homosexuality, incest, and bestiality are inherently taboo for those following the Christian Bible . ANTITRUST IN AN ERA OF MARKET FAILURE. Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 33(2), 557-606. Religious colonialism is the lesser-discussed arm of colonialism itself, but its psychological effects have been as long-lasting. It is believed that in rituals, people are regularly abducted and killed, their body parts used to create charms or “fetishes” that are said to bring riches to whoever bears them. Traditional African religion is very popular and arrived here with our North and West African ancestors. ATR faithful are also aware of divinities limitations, a fact that is not true of the Supreme God who is not represented by anything and owes his existence to nobody (Awolalu, 1976, p.9). The different African countries are made up of rural and urban regions. African indigenous faith systems became “primitive”, uncivilised, a necessary evil that had to be dealt with, and an inferior system that had to be done away with. For those who are open-minded and interested, there are a growing number of priests ordained in their respective spiritualities who are changing the face of indigenous African spiritualities on the continent and in the Diaspora. Indigenous faith systems were competition to those missionaries who wanted their religions to be established in Africa, thus they were essentially subjected to a smear campaign. Awolalu, J. O. The theory of Taylor further regarded the African religion as quite primitive because ATR faithful believe in presence of spirits in every object. A couple of examples include Zoroastrianism and Rastafarianism. All Right Reserved. Although the slaves accepted Roman Catholicism, they did not give up their traditional beliefs either. However, the words used in ATR reference were not true because Africans were already aware of religion and believed in the Supreme Being. It is often combined with elements of Christianity and Islam. Instead, myths are embedded and transmitted in ritual practice. However, they were generally forbidden from practicing their religion. There are few religions as globally misunderstood as African traditional religions. That is why we have freewill, and regardless of whether we choose to acknowledge that a living God exists or not, and regardless of how we choose to worship Him, directly or through deities, we will all be eventually accountable. In keeping up with the generation of Pentecostal pastors in Ghana who use the media to deride Ghanaian traditional religion as devil worship in the continued colonial tradition, Kwaku Bonsam uses similar tactics to strike back. Similarly, few Africans had published accurate ATR representation books while the published have not been circulating according to reports by historians and scholars. I was curious to get a life path reading and to know which Orisha “ruled my head” after a friend had had a similar reading done. Size Defining characteristics Distribution What theory or theories of human behavior are explicit or, more likely, implicit …, Continue reading “Affordable Care Act Policy Analysis Assignment”, Challenges Facing Financial Managers Devlin, A. Now a diviner in hisDagara tradition, Somé wrote about the brainwashing he received at the seminary and the difficult journey finding his way back to his people’s traditions in Of Water and the Spirit. Once again, thanks a lot, The paper was so involving but am happy it is done. (vii) Idolatry: Idol means false god; and so idolatry is the worshipping of false gods or that which is not real. Conflict is a universal phenomenon that is inevitable in human interaction. It is erroneous to assume that it is after Africans migrate to the Diaspora that they … To the modern African who distrusts these age-old traditions, indigenous faith systems can be nothing but evil. In his own bid to modernise the faith, Akpochihala launched a crash course that allows Voudou devotees to become priests in four months, as opposed to the usual three years. Many traditional African religions are based on guiding principles that are unfathomable to foreigners, more specifically those with interests such as historians and scholars. The fact that heathen and paganism refer to people with no religion, and nobody worshipped false gods, strikes off heathen and pagan titles because they believed in Supreme Being and divinities (Awolalu, 1976, p. 7). Few people are aware that Voudou (rather than “voodoo”) is a faith based on harmony with nature, one that expressly forbids the killing of another being, or that most African faith systems believe in the concept of one God above all other divinities and deities, who function much as a pantheon of saints. Earlier researchers and missionaries portrayed them often as primitive and barbaric and ridiculed them [I give many examples in my book: White Fathers in Colonial Central Africa - a Critical Examination of V.Y. As “Amma”, among the Dogon people, or “Oludamare” among the Yoruba. As stated earlier, the belief in the impersonal (mystical) powers is dominant and pervasive among traditional Africans. Vodou began when African slaves brought their native traditions with them as they were forcefully transported to the new world. Sometimes misrepresentation lack understanding of traditional African religious practices a fact that made the historians and scholars to record misleading details on ATR thus, … Will Covid-19 vaccines bring life back to normal in 2021? (2010). Healthcare’s ‘toxic’ working conditions exposed in student’s documentary, Morocco on high Covid-19 alert as football continues, South African universities need to know why students’ suicide risk is so high. 3 Leo Frobenius, The Voice of Africa, Vol. Little known is the history of indigenous children across the world who were kidnapped, forced into seminaries and taught not only Christianity but also the superiority of Western culture and language in the hopes that they would go ahead as agents of European authority and “civilise” their own people. Therefore, the society played a crucial unifying factor to the dreams and beliefs of a person (Johnson, 2004). But to say that the African Traditional Religion is animistic would be incorrect and racial. We have been in the writing business since 2009, and have served many students who have kept coming back and even referred others to us. Many of mythical contention have also been in the effect that European missionaries brought about the knowledge of God to Africa as well as religion. Whether it is being wrongly labelled voodoo, juju or witchcraft, indigenous African faith systems tend to be associated with darkness, animal and human sacrifices, violence and general backwardness. Africa is ridden with Disease. There are several misconceptions concerning various religions and people of faith. African traditional religion refers to the indigenous or autochthonous religions of the African people. It was hard for me but am good to go now, Thanks for the good work to save my studies. Unlike Western mythology, African myths are not recounted as a single narrative story, nor is there any established corpus of myth. wonna thank you, I expected perfection in terms of grammar and I am happy. Kwaku Bonsam regularly uses social media for divination purposes, and he also appears on television talk shows. Will keep in touch with more assignments, this is Tom again, just wonna say thank you for assistance. Besides all religions have astonishment and orientation to the spirit world. Due to the disdain and fear surrounding indigenous faiths, I tell very few Nigerians that I have consulted with a babalawo, a diviner of the Yoruba deity Ifa. Polytheism also offers the same rank to all worshipped gods in such a setting. Therefore, the theory bundled all ATRs as one primitive appearance and nature thus, inferior to other religions including Christianity and Islam. With such uniformed details, therefore, there was wide assumption that all ATRs are primitive and same in their nature. Understanding African Traditional Religion. Whether it is being wrongly labelled voodoo, juju or witchcraft, indigenous African faith systems tend to be associated with darkness, animal and human sacrifices, violence and general backwardness. In line with the thoughts of Taylor, ATR as animism is the fact that Africans are polytheistic. The word idol is used to describe the object which is an emblem of that which is worshipped by the Africans. continue to have on the way Africans worship, traditional African religions still claimed the loyalty of majority of the population of sub-Saharan Africa, uncivilised, a necessary evil that had to be dealt with, and an inferior system that had to be done away with, every form of worship in Africa was of the devil, as a way to reinforce the notion that Africans and African civilisations were lesser, human sacrifices were part and parcel of pre-colonial faith systems, Discussions about the modern “innovations” in African cultures and religious practices, a life path reading and to know which Orisha “ruled my head”, Pentecostal priest for soliciting the help of his deities, offer the West African equivalent of Western zodiac signs, Childhood sex education reduces risky sexual behaviour: a Nigerian case study. 1. The traditional African religions or traditional beliefs and practices of African people are a set of highly diverse beliefs that includes various ethnic religions. In bringing modernization and Christianity to Africa, many westerners had the notion that conversion from ATR would follow similar process as that in western religion. As a young boy, Malidoma Somé was abducted by Jesuit missionaries and made to undergo indoctrination into European ways of thought and worship in colonial Burkina Faso. Thanks a lot, Just wonna say thanks for attending to my assignment guyz. Rather than viewing them as the complex systems they are, we have debased them to nothing but a series of sacrifices. Correcting Misconceptions About African Traditional Religions. 2 E. B. Idowu, African Traditional Religion, S.C.M., 1973, p.87. Sometimes misrepresentation lack understanding of traditional African religious practices a fact that made the historians and scholars to record misleading details on ATR thus, leading to growth of religious inaccuracies. In considering traditional sub-Saharan African religious systems for study, one is confronted not only by the multiplicity of potential If you have travelled overseas from the continent, there is a likelihood that … When Ludwig got to He named himself “Bonsam” which in Twi means “devil” thus knowingly poking fun at the continued demonisation of indigenous faith systems. Commercialized by E.B Taylor, an English anthropologist and propagated by other scholars, the first myth considers ATR as animism. Discussions about the modern “innovations” in African cultures and religious practices are almost nonexistent, so most of us never consider that the growth of Pentecostal churches is encouraging witchcraft related fears or that market forces are central to today’s beliefs in witchcraft. Now this confession is enough to freak out a lot of Nigerians, who absurdly believe that Ifá, a deity of divination would demand a human sacrifice. Last week, in a veiled comparison between African traditional religions and Christianity, which is the major religion in Jamaica, some of the key elements of African traditional religions were discussed using Kenya-born Professor John S. Mbiti, a well-known scholar and researcher of African religions, as the main reference. Christianity denotes the existence of God in the trinity of God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit. Among the many easy writing service providers, we are the most preferred.This is no self-proclamation but a fitting testament from our customers. Here, Jacob K. Olupona, author of African Religions: A Very Short Introduction shares an interesting list of 15 facts on African religions. In so many indigenous African faiths, spirit possession and trances are a part of worship. Generally, these traditions are oral rather than scriptural and passed down from one generation to another through folk tales, songs and festivals, include belief in an amount of higher and lower gods, sometimes including a supreme creator or force, belief in spirits, veneration of the dead, use of magic and traditional African medicine. Thinking About Religion, 4. Okay, so it is a little weird starting out a list with “Other,” but bear with me—I am starting out with the less popular religions and working up toward the most widespread faiths. Even so, the construct is false because all ATR belong to a specific group of individuals where all ATRs evolved. Premium Essay Writing Services is the ideal place for homework help or essay writing service. Native American religions, religious beliefs and sacramental practices of the indigenous peoples of North and South America.Until the 1950s it was commonly assumed that the religions of the surviving Native Americans were little more than curious anachronisms, dying remnants of humankind’s childhood.These traditions lacked sacred texts and fixed doctrines or moral codes and were … Let’s put these common myths to rest. This belief has a theological basis. These rituals, otherwise called witchcraft, are said to exist due to the superstitious nature of Africans, which arises from traditional beliefs. It shows that African cultures and customs do belong in this world. The paper was complete as fast. But in people’s minds, this modern practice of ritual killings has been conflated with indigenous faith systems. The ATR ascription as primitive in regards to Western racial pride set their civilized culture while that of Africans was rudimentary and simple because (Africans) had not gotten used to the Western way of life (Awolalu, 1976, p. 6). Will reach you with more assignments, Affordable Care Act Policy Analysis III. Diseases take millions of lives every year in Africa because of a lack … Even so, ATRs have a lot more deeper roots in a personal’s tribal setting thus making it hard to ease in implementation of other cultural and religious beliefs that are far eliminated from personal traditional beliefs (Johnson, 2004). In this regard therefore, Africans worshipping piece of wood will not in any case despair if the wood gets lost based on the fact that wood is just a being’s representation and is served as a solid personification of goddess that is represented in its presence (Awolalu, 1976, p. 8). In nearby Benin Republic, a country where majority of the population hold on to their indigenous faith, Voudou, Aligbonon Akpochihala hosts his own radio show and appears on television to dispel misconceptions about the Voudou faith. Lack of proper understanding of the embodiment led to creation of myths plethora in regards to ATRs. The cultural ATRs embodiment further discusses the difficulty in adoption of ATR by people in Europe and America because of the most significant beliefs and ideas inATR are alien in regards to their geographical and alien environs. Social Analysis Problem description How complete is our knowledge of the problem? Headquartered in Menomonee Falls, WI, the chain has over 1,160 stores in 49 states across the US.  In this case therefore, the argument is that missionaries did not bring God to Africa, instead God brought them to Africans. Back in the 18th century, Haiti was governed by … Presenting local beliefs as nothing but backwater superstitions was part and parcel of how Christian missionaries operated in their bid to bring their religion and Western civilisation to the dark continent. Therefore, the ATRs are not certainly idolatrous. There have also been constant debates on the existence of religion in Africa before missionaries work in the continent. The terms were also largely used in the colonial period. What exactly are rituals? Get a non-plagiarized Paper written by our Professionals. This lack of knowledge as well as understanding of essentials has led to burgeoning of myths on African Traditional Religions (ATR). Am happy now having completed the very difficult assignment, I appreciate help on the assignment. We ignore the influences that these systems have had and continue to have on the way Africans worship and conduct their everyday lives. Most of these stores are in the Midwest and West, where the company has a strong presence with expansion plans …, Continue reading “Sample Essay on SWOT Analysis of Kohl’s”, Report on CITI Training Summary Report on CITI Training Course It is always very important that learner evaluate the lessons learnt during a training course. What is African Traditional Religion? Africa is A Country. This policy aids clients to access products cheaply and in the correct quantity. Even so, theologians of African descent including Mbithi shed more light on ATR thus, changing the Western ATR dialogue into a more objective one with relevance to practices, beliefs and purpose in the lives of Africans. Unlike the “primitive” witch doctor of popular imagination, Kwaku Bonsam has adopted children, opened a free elementary school and runs a cattle farm. If you know anything about Islam, you know that there are Shi’a and Sunni Muslims. Sunni Muslims make up approximately… In essence, these were mainly western scholar’s constructs as a derogatory reference to ATR as a representation of the people’s cultural backwardness. Fact: Slavery is older than the … Religion creates a significant part of African life. (1976). Voodoo Practitioners Make A Pact With The Devil. There are also quite a few irreligious people—agnostics and atheis… However, what are some of the myths and real practices that have overshadowed the myths? Africans Speak African. I feared penalty from professor, but am now safe, Religion and expression of faith in the work place, Have been ordering from as many people online but never gotten A in my career, thanks for your assistance, Your write was fast on the assignment and will now be able to beat deadline. Animism is therefore part of religious following to define summarily ATRs as animistic would as a result be very wrong (Awolalu, 1976, p. 8). As a result, it leads to increase in plethora of spirits (Johnson, 2004). By Jacob K. Olupona. Poverty is a problem for many African countries, and it will be one … To get around these restrictions, the slaves started to equate their gods with Catholic saints. The resulting video (below) was uploaded on Youtube, thus exposing the ways in which indigenous faiths influence the way modern Africans worship. A few months ago at a work meeting, the topic of ritual killings and idol worship came up and a colleague boldly objected to a idea that ritual killings had been traditionally done by Nigerians in pre-colonial times. This explains further why Africans in slavery maintained their traditional religious practices. The keepers of the age-old traditions are staking their claim for credibility despite the many challenges they face. It creates an atmosphere of fear, uncertainty and general suspicion. Are our efforts to deal with the problem in accord with research findings? 1, Hutchison, 1913, p.xll. In a world where everyone is looking to be rich and wealthy, indigenous African spiritualities are not exempt from being corrupted by those who would do anything to get rich.  Western scholars had in many cases referred ATR to as a form of idolatry worshipping only objects including rocks, sun, wood and trees. Looking for the very best because it looks perfect, will be back with more assignments, you helped me complete several other tasks as you handled paper. The main areas covered in the test include the history of …, Continue reading “Report on CITI Training Sample Essay”. Yet religious colonialism on Africans is the main reason that most of us have come to view our own indigenous faith systems as epitomes of evil. What I do not tell them is that I consulted this babalawo over the Internet. People often refer to “Africa” as if it is a country rather than a continent. For this reason, the disciples of Taylor conclude that African religion is said to be polytheistic, meaning that Africans serve several gods which further puts African religion at the bottom of religious evolution. Mudimbe's Theories on Missionary Discourse in Africa]. In the 1900s, “traditional African religions still claimed the loyalty of majority of the population of sub-Saharan Africa”. That these rituals are done with the main aim of making money should hint at their true capitalist nature. Therefore under such circumstances, true ATR representation has been a daunting task leading to widespread ATR mythology. However, this is a wrong ATR connotation because believers have a Supreme Being to whom is given all reverence. Lecturer is always on our head but was pleased with my paper. Their belief in many spirits as revealed by their belief in spirits existence in every object in every object as a result hurls Africans to an abyss of holy aboriginality. The online tests conducted during the course were instrumental in the assessment of what was learnt by the trainees. From the early colonial period till today, misinformation about African indigenous spiritualities is spread and believed as truth. With religion being the sensitive topic that it is, one close to the hearts of many African people, it is not always easy to have a sensible discussion about the problematic ways in which Eurocentric Christianity and Islam reached the African continent. The represented divinities by the objects act as Supreme Being’s representative and who was not represented by any object in the ATR. I couldn’t help but compare his very modern and professional service to the recurring stereotype of wild-eyed witch doctors providing consultations in a darkened room that is popular in Nollywood and even Western depictions of any African spiritual system. Additionally, ATRs carried African people embodiment. Her opinion is backed by Chief Adelekan, a Yoruba diviner who at a talk in the Manchester Museum insisted that human sacrifices have nothing to do with his indigenous worship. Each group of individuals as well as tribe had their religious form over time in response to various life experiences and situations. It is a true statement of fact … Many of the myths were however driven by superiority complex of the westerners in relevance to what they considered the ‘’burden of the white man’’ to modernize Africans. Believed as truth of myth argument is that it uses the local people to undertake and comprehend the people’s backwardness! People often refer to “Africa” as if it is done and ascribed to a group. Misconceptions concerning various religions and people of faith in touch with more assignments this... Unlike Western mythology, African traditional religion, 10 ( 2 ), 557-606 as quite primitive because faithful! Possession and trances are a set of misconceptions about african traditional religion diverse beliefs that includes various ethnic.... The complex systems they are, we are the most preferred.This is no self-proclamation but a fitting testament our. 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